Hi everyone,
I have some preliminary results to share with you all from our 2013 campaign. I still have some work left to do on the data, but so far everything has been going well! I really appreciate your patience and understanding. As some of you may already know, I am a student and have been taking classes as well as working on this data set. We still have a few things to figure out, but these are the results we have so far (which are very exciting, I think!). I have only been focusing on one of the stars for my master's work (WR134) and will be focusing on the other two stars (WR135 and 137) for my PhD.
At the bottom, I have included a link to view the poster I created for the recent CASCA (Canadian Astronomical Society) meeting I attended. Unfortunately the file is too large to add to the thread itself, but you don't need a Dropbox account to view the poster. I will include a few quick notes on each figure:
Figure 1: Displays all of the spectra (393) we were able to use from the campaign on WR134. We have a total of 9 observers/locations who contributed. We just recently received new data from Grant Hill a few days ago, who works at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii. We have not incorporated this data yet since it was only recently sent to us but we plan on using it for our final analysis.
Figure 2: This is not a plot of the entire data set, but of a 10-day time span where the emission line showed the strongest variability. The average spectrum was calculated and subtracted from the entire data set, giving a nice residual plot. Higher intensities indicate where the CIR is present in the line. You can see in this figure that the 2.25-day period comes out beautifully.
Figure 3: We used the average spectrum in order to create a 2-D Scargle periodogram. This determines where the frequency (1/period) is the strongest in the emission line. The harmonic to the frequency, along with both of their aliases can be seen as well.
Figure 4: A plot of the skewness calculations verses time. Calculating the skewness of the line helps us determine how much the emission line changes , or how much it is "skewed", with respect to the central wavelength (5411 Angstroms). From this plot, it can be seen that the period comes out the strongest in this calculation around 2.255 and lasts for around 40 days. It is not shown on the poster, but we used many other calculations to verify this period.
Figure 5: After determining the period of the CIR (2.255), we were able to organize the spectra in terms of phase. Similarly to Figure 2, we organized the difference spectra by phase and created a difference image for every 5 cycles (similar to the black and white images of Figure 5). These images were cross-correlated with the central image (dotted line) in order to determine how the CIR changes over a long period of time. It can be seen with this plot that there is a time-coherency of around 40 days (which came out in Figure 4 as well). So it takes around 40 days (or 18 cycles) for the CIR to appear and then disappear once again.
Figure 6: We created new difference images that were organized by phase, but instead of having 5-cycle sections we used 40-day sections. A total of 5 difference images were created in order to determine how the CIR changes with this time coherency. Only 4 are shown here due to space constraint. We compared these images with models created by Dessart & Chesneau. The model indicates that when two CIRs cross in our line of sight, that area should be much brighter. We can see this effect in our images, indicating that there is more than one CIR in the wind of this star.
I find these results very very exciting and hopefully we can continue to learn what exactly we are seeing with this star. We still have some work to do before we can make any concrete conclusions, but we are working on those next. I am currently trying to calculate the kinematics of the central CIR. Once we do this, the central CIR can be "subtracted" from the spectra and we will be able to see for sure if there are other CIRs in the wind. I will be presenting these results next week in Potsdam (I'm very excited to visit Germany again!) and will begin writing my thesis as soon as I get home. Everyone who has participated in the campaign will receive an email if/when I publish the final results. And I will definitely keep everybody on the forum updated as well.
Again, I thank you for being patient with this. It was very challenging to reduce all of the data from different observers, and there were many kinks I had to work out with the Teide data, which took a great deal of time. It is a habit of mine (and I'm sure with other students) to wait until most of the difficult work is finished before publishing their results. I want to make sure I can work out all of the problems correctly before showing other people the data. I wouldn't want to misinform anybody due to rushing the reduction process. Please feel free to ask me any questions and I will try to answer them the best I can. And if anybody wants my work email, feel free to ask and I will send you that as well.
Thanks again to everybody who contributed to this campaign. These results are very exciting and we are learning many new things about this star in the process. We couldn't have gotten this far without you and I really appreciate all of the work you all have put into this campaign.
Thank you so much for your patience!
Emily Aldoretta
link:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/7qag0x0lrz4at ... 5.pdf?dl=0